Thomas Tusser

500 good points of Husbandrie

OCTOBERS HUSBANDRIE

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OCTOBERS HUSBANDRIE

 

 

Now lay up thy barley land, dry as ye can,                         Laie up barlie land.

when ever ye sowe it so looke for it than:

Get daily aforehand be never behinde,

least winter preventing do alter thy minde.

 

Who laieth up fallow too soone or too wet,

with noiances many doth barley beset,

For weede and the water so soketh and sucks,

that goodness from either it utterly plucks.

 

Greene rie in September when timely thou hast,

October for wheat sowing calleth as fast.                         Wheat Sowing

If weather will suffer, this consell I give,

Leave sowing of wheat before Hallowmas eve.

 

Where wheat upon edish ye mind to bestowe,                   Sow edish betimes

let that be the first of the wheat ye do sow:

he seemeth to hart it and comfort to bring,

that giveth it comfort of Mihelmas spring.

 

White wheat upon peaseetch doth grow as he wold,          Best wheat first   

but fallow is best, if we did as we shold:                          sowen

Yet where, how, and when, ye entend to begin,

let ever the finest be first sowen in.

 

Who soweth in raine, he shall reape it with teares,

who soweth in harmes, he is ever in feares,

Who soweth ill seede or defraudeth his land,

hath eie sore abroode, with a coresie at hand.

 

Seede husbandly sowen, water furrow thy ground,

that raine when it cometh may run away round,

Then stir about Nicoll, with aoor and bow,

take penie for killing everie crowe.

 

A digression to the usage of diver countries`

CONCERNING TILLAGE

 

Each soile hath no liking for everie graine,

nor barlie and wheat is for everir vaine:

Yet knowe I no countrie so barren of soile,

but some kind of corne may be gotten with toile.

 

In Brantham, where rie but no barlie did growe,

good barlie I had, as meany did knowe:

Five seame of an aker I truely was paid,

for thirtie lode muck of each aker so laid.

 

In Suffolk againe, where as wheat never grew,

good hubandrie used good wheat land I knew:

This Proverbe experience long ago gave,

that nothing who practseth nothing shall have.

 

As gravell and sand is for rie and not wheat,

(or yeeldeth hir burden to tone the more great,)

So peasen and barlie delight not in sand,

but rather in claie or in rottoner land.

 

Wheat sometimes is steelie or burnt as it growes,

for pride or for povertie practise so knowes,

Too lustie of courage for wheat doth not well,

nor after sir peeler he looveth to dwell.

 

Much wetnes, hog rooting, amd land out of hart,

makes thistles a number foorthwith to upstart,

If thistles so growing proove lustie and long,

it signifieth land to be hardie and strong.

 

As land full of tilth and hartie good plight,

yeelds blade to a length and encreaseth in might,

So crop upon crop, upon whose courage we doubt,

yeelds blade for a brag, but holdeth not out.

 

The straw and the ear to have bignes and length.

betokeneth land to be good and in strength.

It eare be but short and the straw be but small,

it signifieth barenes and barren withall.

 

White wheat or else red, red rivet or whight,

far passeth all other, for land that is light.

White pollard or red, that so richly is set,

for land that is heavy is best ye can get.

 

Maine wheat that is mixed with white and with red,

is next to the best in the market mans hed:

So Turkey or Purkey wheat many doe love,

because it id flourie, as other above.

 

Graie wheat is the grosest, yet good for the clay,

though woorst for the market, as fermer may say.

Otes, rie, or else barlie, and wheat that is gray,

brings land out of comfort and soone to decay:

One after another, no comfort betweene,

is crop upon crop, as will quickly be seen.

 

Still crop upon crop many fermers do take,

and reape little profit for greedines sake.

Though breadcorn and drinkcorn such croppers do stand:

count peason or brank, as a comfort to land.

 

Good land that is severall, crops may have three,

in champion coutrie it may not so be:

Ton taketh his season, as commoners may,

the tother with reason may otherwise say.

 

Some useth at first a good fallow to make,

to sowe theron barlie the better to take.

Next that to sowe pease, and of that to sow wheat,

then fallow again, or lie lay for thy neat.

 

First rie and then barlie, the champion saies,

or wheat befoe barlie be champion ways:

But drink before bread corne with Middlesex men,

then lay on more compas, amd fallow again.

 

Where barlie ye sow, after rie or else wheat,

if land be unlustie, the crop is not great.

So lose ye your cost, to your coresie and smart'

and land (overburdened) is cleane out of hart.

 

Exceptions take of the champion land,

from lieng alonge from that at thy hand,

(Just by) ye may comfort with compas at will,

far off ye must comfort with favour and skill.

 

Where rie or else wheat either barlie ye sowe,

let codware be next, thereupon for to grow:

Thus having two crops, whereof codware is ton,

thou hast the least neede, to lay cost thereupon.

 

Some far fro the market delight not in pease,

for that ery chapman they seem not to please,

If vent of the market place serve thee not well,

set hogs up a fatting, to drover to sell,

 

Two crops of a fallow enricheth the plough,

though tone be of pease, it is land good ynough:

One crop and a fallow some soile will abide,

where if ye go furder lay profit aside.

 

Where peason ye had and a fallow thereon,

sowe wheat ye may well without doong thereupon:

New broken upland, or with water opprest,

or over much doonged, for wheat is not best.

 

Where water all winter annoieth too much,

bestowe not thy wheat upon land that is such:

But rather sowe otes, or else bullimong there,

gray peason, or runcivals, fitches, ot tere.

 

Sowe acorns ye owners, that timber doe loove,            Sowing of acorns

sowe hawe and rie with them the better to proove:

It cattel or cunnie may enter to crop,

yong oke is in danger of loosing his top.

 

Who pescods delighteth to have with the furst,             Sowing of Hastings

if now he do sowe them, I think it not wurst.                or fullams

The greener they peason and warmer the roome,

more lusty the layer, more plenty they come.

 

Go plow up or delve up, advised with skill,

the bredth of a ridge, and in length as you will.

Where speedy quickset for a fence ye wil drawe,

to sowe in the seede of the bremble and hawe.

 

Though plenty of acornes, the porkling to fat,              A disease in fat hogs

not taken in season, may perish by that,

If rating or swelling get once to the throte,

thou looseth thy porkling, a crowe to a grote.

 

What ever thing fat is, againe if it fall,                        Not too fat for rearing

thou ventrest the thing and the fatnes withall,

The fatter the better, to sel or to kil,

but not to continue, make proofe if ye wil.

 

What ever thing dieth, go burie or burne,                    Burieng of dead

for tainting of ground, or a worst il turne,                   cattell

Such pestilent smell of a carrenly thing,

to cattle and people great peril may bring.

 

Thy measled bacon, hog, sow, or thy bore,                 Measled hog

shut up for to heale, for infecting thy store:

Or kill if for bacon, or sowce it to sell,

for Flemming, that loves it so deintily well.

 

With strawisp and peasebolt, with ferne and the brake,       Strawisp and

for sparing of fewel, some brewe and do bake,                   peasebolts

And heateth their copper, for seething of graines: 

good servant rewardeth refuseth no paines.

 

Good breadcorne and drinkcorne, full xx weeks kept,        Olde wheat better

is better than new, that at harvest is rept:           than new

But foisty the breadcorne and bowed eated malt,

for health or for profit, fing noysome thou shalt.

 

By thend of October, go gather up sloes,

have thou in readines plentie of thoes,

And keep them in bedstraw, or still on the bow,

to staie both the flixe of thyselfe or thy cow.

 

Seeith water and plump therein plenty of sloes,                 A medicen for cow

mix chalk that is dried in powder with thoes.                     flixe

Which so, if ye give, with the water and chalke,

thou makest the laxe fro thy cowe away walke.

 

Be sure of the vergis (a gallond at least)

so good for the kitchen, so needfull for beast,

It helpeth thy cattel, so feeble and faint,

if timely such cattle with it thou aquaint.