Extracts from:

“The Elizabethan Militia 1578-1638” (sic),

Lindsay Boynton, Studies in Political History,

Routledge and Kegan Paul, London 1967.

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A Purveyor for the Armada

pp152. In his presentation to all available J.P.s in Star Chamber Lord Burghley (1588?) stressed the adequacy of the Queen's naval and military as part of a public relations exercise. More effective still was the “Letter to Mendoza ” composed by Lord Burghley and passed on by Walsingham. It emphasised the unprecedented arming, training and voluntary contributions; the readiness of the maritime counties, where any place could have 20,000 men to its aid within 48 hours complete with ordinance, victuals and pioneers. This piece of polemic succeeded so well that Jean le Petit incorporated it in Grande Chronique as fact.

 

pp160. A great number of troops, maybe 27,000 foot and 2,500 horse followed the Armada along up the English Channel to cover the potential landing places along the coast. Very little is recorded about their itinerary. However the Dorset orders provided for purveyors , surveyors, guards for strategic points, and carriage masters. Bread, beer, wine, beef, butter, cheese and biscuit were supplied. Stratton in Cornwall sent beef, bacon, bread, butter and cheese to Saltash for the trained bands, and gave each man a supper when they returned.

 

pp173. …action to correct the deficiencies which had been apparent in practise during the Armada crisis… Colonels and captains must see that J.P.s ordered posts, carriages and pioneers to be ready, and the captain's multifarious duties included sending tithingmen to warn the constables to have carts, carters and provisions always to hand. In Hampshire, for example, Captain Richard Poulet's company was serviced in 1590 by 14 carters and as many victuallers . 6 years later it had 10 posts, 20 victuallers and 22 carters.

 

pp191. The year 1596 brought reports not of a mere incursion but of an immanent full scale invasion, thought he government scarcely knew whether the goal was Ireland or England , much less which part of either country. That the authorities took the information seriously was seen in Francis Godolphin's order to Cornish soldiers to bring their supper in readiness for training all night on midsummer's eve, since they must be expected to fight with the enemy at night as well as by day.

 

pp 192. For the first time a “ general of victuals ” was appointed to see to provisions and an approach was made to the Dutch States General for extra food supplies .

 

pp 200. .. In 1599 Mountjoy sent under Jervoise the re-enforcements for the Isle of Wight , with 15 days' supplies .

 

pp202. The death penalty also applied to failure to produce arms and armour, to defaulters amongst the pioneers in charge of ordnance, and to the victuallers , who had to produce 15days' provisions or money in lieu at the daily rate of 8d per man. As Portsmouth was likely to be besieged, the victuallers and constables must requisition enough flour, cheese, butter and bacon to last 20 days, to remain in the owners' hands until needed. When forces crossed to the island they were billeted at St. Helen's it was alleged that they lacked food and money and the Constables were ordered to raise funds to relieve their plight.

 

pp204. The whole machinery of sending soldiers to Portsmouth and across the Solent began for the third time in a month. This time the government induced them to hurry by giving them official army status and pay. They were to bring three days food and to march at night.

 

pp 258. 1626. Each man must have a snap-sack for his victuals . (Note this is the earliest written usage of snap-sack).

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A Purveyor for the Armada